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Compare Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002) - Niger (2003)

Compare Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002) z Niger (2003)

 Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002)Niger (2003)
 Saint Pierre and MiquelonNiger
Administrative divisions none (territorial collectivity of France); note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are two communes - Saint Pierre, Miquelon at the second order 7 departments (departements, singular - departement) and 1 capital district* (capitale district); Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Niamey*, Tahoua, Tillaberi, Zinder
Age structure 0-14 years: 25.4% (male 904; female 864)


15-64 years: 64.4% (male 2,288; female 2,193)


65 years and over: 10.2% (male 303; female 402) (2002 est.)
0-14 years: 47.6% (male 2,686,169; female 2,581,785)


15-64 years: 50.2% (male 2,710,554; female 2,842,319)


65 years and over: 2.2% (male 125,505; female 112,258) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish cowpeas, cotton, peanuts, millet, sorghum, cassava (tapioca), rice; cattle, sheep, goats, camels, donkeys, horses, poultry
Airports 2 (2001) 27 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
total: 9


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 6


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 18


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 14


under 914 m: 2 (2002)
Area total: 242 sq km


land: 242 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups
total: 1.267 million sq km


land: 1,266,700 sq km


water: 300 sq km
Area - comparative 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Background First settled by the French in the early 17th century, the islands represent the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions. Not until 1993, 33 years after independence from France, did Niger hold it's first free and open elections. A 1995 peace accord ended a five-year Tuareg insurgency in the north. Coups in 1996 and 1999 were followed by the creation of a National Reconciliation Council that effected a transition to civilian rule by December 1999.
Birth rate 14.96 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 49.54 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget revenues: $70 million


expenditures: $60 million, including capital expenditures of $24 million
revenues: $320 million - including $134 million from foreign sources


expenditures: $320 million, including capital expenditures of $178 million (2002 est.)
Capital Saint-Pierre Niamey
Climate cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south
Coastline 120 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution 28 September 1958 (French Constitution) the constitution of January 1993 was revised by national referendum on 12 May 1996 and again by referendum on 18 July 1999
Country name conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon


conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon


local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon


local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
conventional long form: Republic of Niger


conventional short form: Niger


local long form: Republique du Niger


local short form: Niger
Currency euro (EUR); French franc (FRF) Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Death rate 6.61 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 21.71 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external $NA $1.6 billion (1999 est.)
Dependency status self-governing territorial collectivity of France -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territorial collectivity of France) chief of mission: Ambassador Gail Dennise Thomas MATHIEU


embassy: Rue Des Ambassades, Niamey


mailing address: B. P. 11201, Niamey


telephone: [227] 72 26 61 through 72 26 64


FAX: [227] 73 31 67, 72-31-46
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territorial collectivity of France) chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph DIATTA


chancery: 2204 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 483-4224 through 4227


FAX: [1] (202)483-3169
Disputes - international none Libya claims about 25,000 sq km in a currently dormant dispute; much of Benin-Niger boundary, including tripoint with Nigeria, remains undemarcated but states accept 2001 arbitration over disputed Niger River islands; Lake Chad Commission continues to urge signatories Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria to ratify delimitation treaty over the lake region, which remains the site of armed clashes among local populations and militias
Economic aid - recipient approximately $60 million in annual grants from France $341 million (1997)
Economy - overview The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing quotas and a steady decline in the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre. In 1992, an arbitration panel awarded the islands an exclusive economic zone of 12,348 sq km to settle a longstanding territorial dispute with Canada, although it represents only 25% of what France had sought. The islands are heavily subsidized by France to the great betterment of living standards. The government hopes an expansion of tourism will boost economic prospects. Recent test drilling for oil may pave the way for development of the energy sector. Niger is a poor, landlocked Sub-Saharan nation, whose economy centers on subsistence agriculture, animal husbandry, and reexport trade, and increasingly less on uranium, because of declining world demand. The 50% devaluation of the West African franc in January 1994 boosted exports of livestock, cowpeas, onions, and the products of Niger's small cotton industry. The government relies on bilateral and multilateral aid - which was suspended following the April 1999 coup d'etat - for operating expenses and public investment. In 2000-01, the World Bank approved a structural adjustment loan of $105 million to help support fiscal reforms. However, reforms could prove difficult given the government's bleak financial situation. The IMF approved a $73 million poverty reduction and growth facility for Niger in 2000 and announced $115 million in debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative. Further disbursements of aid occurred in 2002. Future growth may be sustained by exploitation of oil, gold, coal, and other mineral resources.
Electricity - consumption 38.13 million kWh (2000) 325.1 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2000) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2000) 100 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 41 million kWh (2000) 242 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m
lowest point: Niger River 200 m


highest point: Mont Bagzane 2,022 m
Environment - current issues recent test drilling for oil in waters around Saint Pierre and Miquelon may bring future development that would impact the environment overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertification; wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, and lion) threatened because of poaching and habitat destruction
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups Basques and Bretons (French fishermen) Hausa 56%, Djerma 22%, Fula 8.5%, Tuareg 8%, Beri Beri (Kanouri) 4.3%, Arab, Toubou, and Gourmantche 1.2%, about 1,200 French expatriates
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 1.06594 (January 2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.93863 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997) Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.7 (1999), 589.95 (1998)
Executive branch chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Claude VALLEIX (since 9 October 2002)


head of government: President of the General Council Marc PLANTAGENEST (since NA)


cabinet: NA


elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held, first round - 21 April 2002, second round - 5 May 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the General Council is elected by the members of the council
chief of state: President TANDJA Mamadou (since 22 December 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government


head of government: President TANDJA Mamadou (since 22 December 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; Prime Minister Hama AMADOU (since 31 December 1999) was appointed by the president and shares some executive responsibilities with the president


cabinet: 23-member Cabinet appointed by the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; last held 24 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: TANDJA Mamadou elected president; percent of vote - TANDJA Mamadou 59.9%, Mahamadou ISSOUFOU 40.1%
Exports $12 million f.o.b. (1999) NA (2001)
Exports - commodities fish and fish products, soybeans, animal feed, mollusks and crustaceans, fox and mink pelts uranium ore, livestock, cowpeas, onions
Exports - partners US 43%, Egypt 14%, Japan 11%, Colombia 8% (1999) France 39%, Nigeria 33.2%, Japan 17.1% (2002)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description a yellow sailing ship facing the hoist side rides on a dark blue background with a black wave line under the ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three parts: the top part is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing the square into four sections; the middle part has a white background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one on top of the other; the flag of France is used for official occasions three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and green with a small orange disk (representing the sun) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of India, which has a blue spoked wheel centered in the white band
GDP purchasing power parity - $74 million (1996 est.); supplemented by annual payments from France of about $60 million (1996 est.) purchasing power parity - $8.713 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
agriculture: 39%


industry: 17%


services: 44% (2001)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $11,000 (1996 est.) purchasing power parity - $800 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% 2.9% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates 46 50 N, 56 20 W 16 00 N, 8 00 E
Geography - note vegetation scanty landlocked; one of the hottest countries in the world: northern four-fifths is desert, southern one-fifth is savanna, suitable for livestock and limited agriculture
Highways total: 114 km


paved: 69 km


unpaved: 45 km (1994 est.)
total: 10,100 km


paved: 798 km


unpaved: 9,302 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: 0.8%


highest 10%: 35.4% (1995)
Imports $55 million f.o.b. (1999) NA (2001)
Imports - commodities meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials foodstuffs, machinery, vehicles and parts, petroleum, cereals
Imports - partners France 44%, Canada 40% (1999) France 16.8%, Cote d'Ivoire 14.9%, China 9.8%, Nigeria 7.4%, US 5.2%, Japan 4.6%, India 4.4% (2002)
Independence none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763) 3 August 1960 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism uranium mining, cement, brick, textiles, food processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses
Infant mortality rate 8.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) total: 123.64 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 127.99 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 119.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.1% (1991-96 average) 3% (2002 est.)
International organization participation FZ, WFTU ACCT, ACP, AfDB, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIPONUH, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 1 (2002)
Irrigated land NA sq km 660 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel State Court or Cour d'Etat; Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel
Labor force 3,000 (1997) (1997) 70,000 receive regular wages or salaries
Labor force - by occupation fishing 18%, industry (mainly fish-processing) 41%, services 41% (1996 est.) agriculture 90%, industry and commerce 6%, government 4%
Land boundaries 0 km total: 5,697 km


border countries: Algeria 956 km, Benin 266 km, Burkina Faso 628 km, Chad 1,175 km, Libya 354 km, Mali 821 km, Nigeria 1,497 km
Land use arable land: 13.04%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 86.96% (1998 est.)
arable land: 3.94%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 96.06% (1998 est.)
Languages French (official) French (official), Hausa, Djerma
Legal system French law with special adaptations for local conditions, such as housing and taxation based on French civil law system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats - 15 from Saint Pierre and 4 from Miquelon; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)


elections: elections last held 19 and 26 March 2000 (next to be held NA April 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PS 12, PRG 2, UDF-RPR 5


note: Saint Pierre and Miquelon elect 1 seat to the French Senate; elections last held NA September 1995 (next to be held NA September 2004); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 1; Saint Pierre and Miquelon also elects 1 seat to the French National Assembly; elections last held, first round - 9 June 2002, second round - 16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UDF 1
unicameral National Assembly (83 seats, members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)


elections: last held 24 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MNSD-Nassara 38, CDS-Rahama 17, PNDS-Tarayya 16, RDP-Jama'a 8, ANDPS-Zaman Lahiya 4
Life expectancy at birth total population: 77.93 years


male: 75.66 years


female: 80.32 years (2002 est.)
total population: 42.21 years


male: 42.29 years


female: 42.12 years (2003 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99%


male: 99%


female: 99% (1982 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 17.6%


male: 25.8%


female: 9.7% (2003 est.)
Location Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada) Western Africa, southeast of Algeria
Map references North America Africa
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine none (2002 est.) -
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France -
Military branches - Army, Air Force, Gendarmerie, National Intervention and Security Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $20.54 million (FY02)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 1.1% (FY02)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 2,379,485 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 1,288,396 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age (2003 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 119,367 (2003 est.)
National holiday Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) Republic Day, 18 December (1958)
Nationality noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women)


adjective: French
noun: Nigerien(s)


adjective: Nigerien
Natural hazards persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard recurring droughts
Natural resources fish, deepwater ports uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, petroleum
Net migration rate -4.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) -0.69 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Political parties and leaders PRG [leader NA]; Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR [leader NA]; Socialist Party or PS [leader NA]; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF [leader NA] Democratic Rally of the People-Jama'a or RDP-Jama'a [Hamid ALGABID]; Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama or CDS-Rahama [Mahamane OUSMANE]; National Movement for a Developing Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara [Mamadou TANDJA, chairman]; Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Social Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDPS-Zaman Lahiya [Moumouni Adamou DJERMAKOYE]; Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism-Tarayya or PNDS-Tarayya [Mahamadou ISSOUFOU]; Union of Democratic Patriots and Progressives-Chamoua or UPDP-Chamoua [Professor Andre' SALIFOU, chairman]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 6,954 (July 2002 est.) 11,058,590 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 63% (1993 est.)
Population growth rate 0.35% (2002 est.) 2.71% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors Saint Pierre none
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 5, FM 6, shortwave 4 (2001)
Radios 4,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km 0 km
Religions Roman Catholic 99% Muslim 80%, remainder indigenous beliefs and Christian
Sex ratio at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female


total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.12 male(s)/female


total population: 1 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: adequate


domestic: NA


international: radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; 1 earth station in French domestic satellite system
general assessment: small system of wire, radio telephone communications, and microwave radio relay links concentrated in the southwestern area of Niger


domestic: wire, radiotelephone communications, and microwave radio relay; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations and 1 planned


international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 4,000 (1997) 20,000 (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular 0 (1994) 6,700 (2002)
Television broadcast stations 0 (there are, however, two repeaters which rebroadcast programs from France, Canada, and the US) (1997) 3 (plus seven low-power repeaters) (2002)
Terrain mostly barren rock predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in north
Total fertility rate 2.1 children born/woman (2002 est.) 6.91 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate 9.8% (1997) (1997) NA%
Waterways none 300 km


note: the Niger River is navigable from Niamey to Gaya on the Benin frontier from mid-December through March
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